油气管道工程中投影长度变形的处理     

罗伟国  周建国  杨美庆 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(11):220-224

为了减小投影长度变形对油气管道工程的影响,对影响长度变形的每个因素进行了理论分析,并对不同位置和不同高程的投影长度变形进行了实际统计和数据分析,总结了投影长度变形的规律。针对油气管道工程的特点,分别对线路工程、穿跨越工程和场站工程提出了相应投影长度变形的不同处理方案,提高了测量成果的转换精度,避免了施工测量中烦琐的投影长度变形计算,为高精度施工提供了数据保障,同时也为水利、铁路、公路等线性工程测量提供了可借鉴的经验。  相似文献   

THE LOW-PRESSURE SYSTEM IN THE VERTICAL VELOCITY OMEGA ON THE SCALE OF SYSTEM SENSITIVITY     

曲维政  范婷婷  杜凌 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2015,21(S1):66-72

In this study, the relationship between scale and vertical velocity in a low-pressure system is explored using the wave characteristics of atmospheric disturbances and the structural characteristics of low-pressure systems. The ω differential equation, as determined by the transient geopotential height field Φ, is solved to obtain an analytical solution composed only of wavelength, horizontal speed, and atmospheric stability, i.e., the ω diagnostic equation of a low-pressure system. This equation also shows that vertical velocity in the low-pressure system is very sensitive to the horizontal scale, i.e., a smaller horizontal scale means a larger vertical velocity.  相似文献   

野外大长度量值传递稳定性与可靠性分析     

郭赞峰  庞尚益 《测绘科学》2011,36(2):9-10,16

因瓦基线尺是国家野外大长度量值传递的法定标准器,本文通过对一组因瓦基线尺多年的检定资料、基线场的多次测量成果以及与维塞拉光波干涉仪测量成果的比较分析,论述我国野外大长度量值传递的稳定性与可靠性.  相似文献   

高速铁路精密工程控制测量精度研究     

刘家臣 《测绘与空间地理信息》2011,(6):215-218

高速铁路轨道控制测量采用精密控制测量技术,采用斜轴墨卡托投影可以避免高斯投影投影带可控范围小,坐标转换和分带计算的问题,对于东西走向的线路能很好地控制投影长度变形。文章以长吉高铁控制测量数据,实现斜轴墨卡托投影,经过其投影精度的探讨,确定斜轴墨卡托投影能满足高铁精密控制测量的精度要求。  相似文献   

基于MODIS资料的中国东部时间序列空气动力学粗糙度和零平面位移高度估算     

杨阿强  孙国清  卢立新  过志锋  刘屹岷 《气象科学》2011,(4):516-524

空气动力学粗糙度和零平面位移高度是很多气候模型和陆面模式中的重要参数,采用气象学方法推导这两个参数对于大范围长时间序列的计算需要大量长期的野外观测,而遥感方法可以快速经济的提供大范围数据,在本研究中采用形态学模型,以MODIS产品数据作为数据源,计算植被冠层面积指数,估算了中国东部2001-2003年归一化到植被高度的...  相似文献   

考虑震源破裂过程的青海玉树地震震动图研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈鲲  俞言祥  高孟潭  吕红山 《中国地震》2011,27(1):56-64

为了在缺少实时台站数据的情况下,研究震后地表地震动分布,本文尝试通过对震源做出某些约束,以提高震动图的精度.由于青海玉树地震的发震断层近似直立(倾向83°),震源破裂过程在时间和空间上呈明显的分区特征,分别考虑了地表破裂的线源发生模型和主震震级分解方法,用考虑了场地效应的震动图快速生成方法生成震动图.将两种方法生成的震动图与调查烈度比较.结果表明,基于震源破裂过程对主震震级进行分解,综合考虑各子事件生成震动图的方法,对震后的应急决策和灾情的快速评估是可行的.  相似文献   

Wave separation for the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake with regional seismic array     

Chunyan Zhang  Sidao Ni  Key Lab of Intelligent Computing  Signal Processing of Ministry of Education  School of Mathematics  Anhui University  Hefei  China Key Laboratory of Dynamic Geodesy 《地震学报(英文版)》2011,(1):127-132

We analyzed the seismic waveforms from the December 26,2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake recorded at broadband seismic stations in western Europe.Previous studies involving of the beam-forming technique and high frequency analysis suggest that the earthquake ruptured with a duration of around 500 s.This very long duration makes P wave overlap with later arrivals such as PP wave,which follows P in about 200 s.Since P waves are crucial for modeling earthquake processes,we propose an iterative method to separate...  相似文献   

一维热扩散湖模式在太湖的应用研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

古红萍  沈学顺  金继明  肖薇  王咏薇 《气象学报》2013,71(4):719-730

利用在太湖获得的2010年8月11-28日的观测资料研究了一维热扩散湖模式在太湖的适用性,通过对比模拟进一步研究了影响太湖湖表温度模拟的主要因子。该湖模式对太湖最初的模拟结果并不理想,模拟的湖表面温度与观测有较大的系统性偏差,温度的日变化幅度与观测相比也偏小。通过分析该模式对太湖的模拟效果不理想的可能原因,针对太湖的生态环境和污染情况,设计了18个测试参数的敏感性试验,从敏感性试验的结果分析得到,适用于太湖的、依赖于湖泊类型的3个参数应做如下修改:消光系数（η₀）应放大3倍,湖泊表层吸收的太阳辐射系数（β）应取0.8,粗糙长度（z₀）采用公式计算得到。用新得到的适用于太湖的3个参数,模拟得到的结果与最初的模拟结果和观测资料对比,发现采用新的参数后,模拟结果比最初的模拟结果有了很大的改进,模拟的湖表温度基本接近观测,模拟的湖水垂直剖面时间序列图也跟观测吻合得较好,随之的感热、潜热通量的模拟也都与观测接近。最后,对输入湖模式的主要大气参量（太阳辐射、2 m气温及风场）±10%的误差引起的模式模拟的湖表面温度误差进行分析,结果表明该湖模式对大气强迫场的误差敏感度不高;相比之下,模拟结果对风场敏感性最小,对辐射和气温的敏感度相当。  相似文献   

Theoretical analyses of acidization dissolution front instability in fluid‐saturated carbonate rocks     

Chongbin Zhao  B. E. Hobbs  A. Ord 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(13):2084-2105

This paper presents an instability theory that can be used to understand the fundamental behavior of an acidization dissolution front when it propagates in fluid‐saturated carbonate rocks. The proposed theory includes two fundamental concepts, namely the intrinsic time and length of an acidization dissolution system, and a theoretical criterion that involves the comparison of the Zhao number and its critical value of the acidization dissolution system. The intrinsic time is used to determine the time scale at which the acidization dissolution front is formed, while the intrinsic length is used to determine the length scale at which the instability of the acidization dissolution front can be initiated. Under the assumption that the acidization dissolution reaction is a fast process, the critical Zhao number, which is used to assess the instability likelihood of an acidization dissolution front propagating in fluid‐saturated carbonate rocks, has been derived in a strictly mathematical manner. Based on the proposed instability theory of a propagating acidization dissolution front, it has been theoretically recognized that: (i) the increase of the mineral dissolution ratio can stabilize the acidization dissolution front in fluid‐saturated carbonate rocks; (ii) the increase of the final porosity of the carbonate rock can destabilize the acidization dissolution front, while the increase of the initial porosity can stabilize the acidization dissolution front in fluid‐saturated carbonate rocks; (iii) the increase of the mineral dissolution ratio can cause an increase in the dimensionless propagation speed of the acidization dissolution front; (iv) the increase of the initial porosity can enable the acidization dissolution front to propagate faster, while the increase of the final porosity can enable the acidization dissolution front to propagate slower in the acidization dissolution system. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Latitudinal and local variations of the life history characteristics of the thalassinidean decapod, Upogebia yokoyai: A hypothesis based on trophic conditions     

Miho Yamasaki  Takahiro Nanri  Shino Taguchi  Yoshitake Takada  Masayuki Saigusa 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

Mean total length of the eldest cohort (MTLe) of the thalassinidean decapod, Upogebia yokoyai sampled at 16 sites showed a latitudinal variation from south-west islands of the Ryukyu Archipelago (24° N) to the Seto-Inland Sea of Japan (34° N). Local variations were however also found from sites in the same latitudes. The level of the organic content in each habitat showed a positive correlation with MTLe. We hypothesized that MTLe is strongly affected by the trophic condition, resulting in the local variations. To test this hypothesis, two estuaries with different organic content were compared; Kodono River (Kochi Prefecture, 33° N) which was relatively oligotrophic and Sakata River (Hiroshima Prefecture, 34° N) which was highly eutrophicated. The Kodono River population showed slow growth after settlement, and growth stopped in May to June. This population survived for only one or two years, resulting in small MTLe. On the other hand, the Sakata River population showed fast growth from August to December. This population survived for three years, resulting in large MTLe. Maturation was estimated to occur two years after settlement in both populations. Low salinities may partially affect MTLe. Habitats in the Seto-Inland Sea (33.5–34.8° N) were eutrophicated, but many habitats in the subtropical islands (24–31° N) were relatively oligotrophic. Latitudinal variation of MTLe was reflected by the geographical difference in trophic condition. A negative relationship between population density and growth was found, which was explained in terms of reduced survival of recruits in the eutrophicated habitats.  相似文献